What does the reversing polarity of power supply cause?

Although it differs depending on the model, it doesn't operate at all (it is not destruction) or the operation mode is switched.

1. The sensor is not destroyed because the protection diode against reverse connection is certainly in it.

2. The diode bridge is in the power supply input, and the operation mode is switched. (*1)

(*1.)E3S-GS, E3S-VS, E3L, E3S-R[]E[]series

(Refer to the applicable date sheets for details.)